Date: Wed, 4 Nov 92 05:01:40 From: Space Digest maintainer Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu Subject: Space Digest V15 #375 To: Space Digest Readers Precedence: bulk Space Digest Wed, 4 Nov 92 Volume 15 : Issue 375 Today's Topics: Fluid Measurement/Instrumentation Hammer and Feather Moon Experiment Man in space ... NASA Coverup (2 msgs) Pumpkins to Orbit (2 msgs) Putting volatiles on the moon Query Re: pluto direct/ o Russian Engines for DC-Y? (2 msgs) Scenario of comet hitting Earth snarfy's assumption Swift Tuttle and the satellite belt VIDEOTAPE OF OCT 9 FIREBALL Why Vote? (3 msgs) Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to "space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form "Subscribe Space " to one of these addresses: listserv@uga (BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle (THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 15:35:33 GMT From: "anthony.r.rizzo" Subject: Fluid Measurement/Instrumentation Newsgroups: sci.engr,sci.research,sci.energy,sci.aeronautics,sci.misc,sci.space,sci.environment In article <1992Nov2.223302.6126@inel.gov> mgo@inel.gov (Marcos Ortiz) writes: >I am looking for fluid flow instrumentation that may >allow me to measure very low flow velocities, in liquid >and in vapor (it would be if it could measure 2-phase, but >i'm not holding my breath), with little or no disturbance to >the flow. I've heard of micro-turbines and "plume" flowmeters, >but heard nothing about who makes them or what their capabilities >and limitations are. If you have any ideas or information >please share with me. I do ask that you send me your response >directly to ensure that i will get it. > >Thanks, > >Marcos Ortiz > > Contact TSI Incorporated, 500 Cardigan Road PO Box 64394, St. Paul MN; (612) 483-0900 They make hot-film and hot-wire anemometry equipment. Some of their miniature probes are truly miniature. Other than the use of a miniature probe, there's nothing intrusive that I'm aware of. There are non-intrusive techniques, such as LASER dopler anemometry. But that's pretty involved (expensive). Tony ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 19:08:37 GMT From: Scott McGuire Subject: Hammer and Feather Moon Experiment Newsgroups: sci.space I remember some time ago there was someone on this newsgroup that wanted a videotape of the astronauts dropping a hammer and a feather on the moon to prove that they really did fall at the same speed when there's no air resistance. Well, if you're still looking (I've forgotten who this was), or for others who were curious, they showed the tape of this experiment on this week's episode of "Space Age" on PBS (the episode was titled "To the Moon and Beyond"). Probably you can still catch some repeats of this episode this week, or they offer an opportunity to order videos of the episode at the end of each show. I know, you're all watching "Space Age" anyway. But it just occurred to me while I was watching and I thought someone might like to know. --Scott McGuire / smcguire@mit.edu ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 17:26:26 GMT From: Frank Crary Subject: Man in space ... Newsgroups: sci.space In article <13335@ecs.soton.ac.uk> nf@ecs.soton.ac.uk writes: > What will happen if the space suite of an austronaut gets ripped in space ? > Some of us recon that he will explode while others that he will end up >with lots of bruises!!. One thing that all of us agree, is that it is not >going to be a very healthy activity. Actually this has happened: An astronaut on one of the recent Shuttle missions got a small rip in the palm of one of his gloves. He got a very big (relative to the rip) bruise. The suit did _not_ loose pressure. The astronaut's hand was simply pressed tightly (apparently, pressure tightly) against the rip. Even in a worst case, where the suit suddenly lost pressure, the astronaut would not explode (at least the animal experiments they once conducted didn't do this.) _If_ the astronaut were suddenly exposed to zero pressure, _and_ he tried to hold his breath, he might be in trouble: Ruptured eardrums, damage to his throat/neck muscles (since he couldn't hold his breath, but trying might do damage), etc... Frank Crary CU Boulder ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 17:52:33 GMT From: Dillon Pyron Subject: NASA Coverup Newsgroups: sci.space,alt.conspiracy In article <4583@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us>, snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us writes: > In message-ID: <1992Nov2.151939.19601@mksol.dseg.ti.com> (Dillon Pyron) > writes: > > >incoherent babblings deleted > > >You know, it is dangerous to scarf that many peyote buttons in one sitting! > > I don't do drugs. I appreciate the attempt at humor , however. If you > really find my reasoning defective or incoherent ,I would like to know > just what it is you are having difficulty with. In the alternative , > please provide me with the name of your learning disability. > > snarfy Basically, when you start on the premise that people are lying to you, any argument beyond that point is circumspect, at best. If you had stated "I've been doing some looking, and something ain't right", I'd be willing to look at your calculations with a scientific interest. Instead you shout that NASA is lying and ramble on with some calculations that start in mid-air and land ??? To the point. Your calculations assume that the earth and moon have the same density, and that it is homogenous. Second, while you do allow for a point of zero influence, what you call a barycenter does not hold up. It just doesn't move, and in real life it does. Finally, you still haven't addressed the issue of the so-called conspiracy. Why? What is the motive. Unlike the CIA/Mafia hit on Kennedy, there is no gain in it? And there are multiple governments involved. The Soviets (at the time) would have delighted in pointing out an error from NASA. And I don't understand your comments about the Nipponese. BTW, who are you? Do you have any credentials or is astro a hobby (that's not a knock) or did this come up at the local conspiracy club (I know you guys meet somewhere)? And maybe a real name, unless you're ashamed of who you are. -- Dillon Pyron | The opinions expressed are those of the TI/DSEG Lewisville VAX Support | sender unless otherwise stated. (214)462-3556 (when I'm here) | (214)492-4656 (when I'm home) |"Pacts with the devil are not legally pyron@skndiv.dseg.ti.com |binding!" PADI DM-54909 |-Friar Tuck _Robin Hood:The Hooded Man_ ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 92 22:43:14 GMT From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: NASA Coverup > The issue is not necessarily whether we landed on the moon , but how we > did it. The Japanese have this knack for doing anything we can do, and > with better quality and precision. > I (and a couple others on this list that I know of) have met several of the people who have been there (Luna). I myself have spent time over rum and cokes and/or dinner with some of them. I will take first hand accounts of people whom I respect over any imaginative "theories". Ie, my experimental data is right from the mouths of those who been there. You can't get any better than that. Apollo happened precisely as stated in the history books. Admittedly, there are things that weren't publicized. The trip back to Earth inside of Apollo 13 was pure hell for one... As to your difficulties, I'm sure Paul Deitz (yet another source of respected opinion) can answer it if he is in a good mood and isn't overly busy. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 19:19:52 GMT From: Leigh Palmer Subject: Pumpkins to Orbit Newsgroups: sci.space This brings to mind a closely related topic. It has been a tradition at Caltech to drop a 78 K (that's "kelvins", not "kilograms") pumpkin from the tower of the Millikan Library at midnight on Hallowe'en to smash on the tiles below. I have a reliable report that a flash of light has been seen to accompany the destruction of the pumpkin. I can report myself that the *sound* made by a similarly prepared Canadian pumpkin when dropped ten meters to concrete is quite exceptional, if not particularly illuminating. While I have not done work in this field for some time, and though I have never been acquainted with the literature, I'd like to know if any progress has been made lately. Was there a pumpkin drop this year? What resulted? Is there a corpus of scholarly publication on this worthy topic? Leigh ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 20:44:33 GMT From: Jordin Kare Subject: Pumpkins to Orbit Newsgroups: sci.space In article <17096@mindlink.bc.ca> Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca (Bruce Dunn) writes: > >Last year, about 7,000 people gathered for the annual competition, the object >of which is to hurl your pumpkin farther than anyone else's, using a >contraption of whatever design - catapult, slingshot, centrifuge, crossbow - >you think will do the job.... [Discussion of pumpkin chuckin' contest deleted] > >Which raises the question: Are we safe here in metropolitan Washington? > >"Oh, I don't think they'll fly that far," says a Lewes Chamber of Commerce >spokesman, pausing a beat and adding, "Give us anouther couple of years." > >(end quote) > > Here is your chance. Just think of the papers which could be written. > >"The optomiziation of a linear propulsion device for vegetable matter" >"The subsonic and suspersonic aerodynamics of pumpkins" >"Investigation of maximal G forces sustainable by living tissue, using a >novel inexpensive surrogate for the human head" > A few years ago, when the SDIO Laser Propulsion Program was looking at pulsed laser ablation for propulsion, one of the potential "propellants" was water ice. Since ice is a pain to work with, especially in a vacuum chamber, one contractor did a small number of tests on 95% water in solid form -- cucumber slices. While the experiments themselves didn't lead anywhere, a party discussion with Jay Freeman did lead to a variety of applications: Zucchini thrusters -- solve the annual zucchini surplus and get cheap space launch at the same time. Scaling up -- watermelon thrusters with zucchini strap-ons MIRV's -- Multiple Independent Re-entry Vegetables "Incoming Soviet Watermelons detected, Sir! They're not decoys -- we have seed echoes" And finally: SVI -- The Strategic Vegetable Initiative "A zucchini at 10 km/s can ruin your whole day" So can a laser-launched pumpkin be far behind?? Jordin (Broccoli Rocketry) Kare -- Jordin Kare jtk@s1.gov 510-426-0363 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 16:34:03 GMT From: Gary Coffman Subject: Putting volatiles on the moon Newsgroups: sci.space In article <+-f1yfq@rpi.edu> strider@clotho.acm.rpi.edu (Greg Moore) writes: >In article <178@newave.newave.mn.org> john@newave.newave.mn.org (John A. Weeks III) writes: >> >>Eeek! I was looking for a smiley at the end of your post, but I didn't >>find one. While I don't know about using nukes to nudge comets, I have >>recently heard a few stories about the Soviet Union using nuclear bombs >>for peaceful purposes. They reportedly dug canals with a-bombs, seriously >>polluting several rivers in the process. They also used a-bombs as a >>mining explosive--then sent unprotected workers into the mine only hours >>after the explosion. Please try to refrain from using nukes for anything >>other than blowing up people, and I really hope we don't use them for >>that purpose either. >> >>-john- >> > Eek! I was looking for a smiley... :-) Seriously though... >Yes, there are reports that the Soviets used nuclear bombs for >engineering projects. A couple of comments though. Part of the problem >with the rivers was not so much radioactivity (as I recall) but the fact >that they reversed the direction of a few, and completely changed >the eco-systems on them and others. Not that we haven't done the same. >Take a look at the mouth of the Colorado. It's litereally a trickle. >And VERY polluted. > > As for using them as mining explosions, it would seem the smart >thing to do is NOT let unprotected workers into the mine. ANd >radioactivity in a mine is not uncommon, there is a lot of >Radon in coal mines. Also, my understanding (several eyars old) >is taht they were creating large underground fuel resoivoirs... not mines. > > The big trick is developing CLEAN nuclear weapons, i.e. ones with >a minimal amount of fallout. It can be done to some extent. The AEC's Project Plowshare. Several civil engineering tests were done with nuclear explosives here in the US under this project. One of the practical applications of nuclear excavation proposed was the digging of a sea level canal to replace the Panama Canal by use of nuclear explosives. Using relatively clean devices, explosions in subsurface bores would have formed caverns that would then be collapsed by another explosion forming a sea level canal and trapping the residual radiation in the collapsed chambers. Widening mountain passes for interstae highways was another proposed use of nuclear excavation. Tests were done, and it was feasible with radiation releases well below the safety limits of the time, but the Test Ban Treaty effectively ended the project here. They calculated that digging a new sea level canal would raise the background count in Panama in the new waterway to no higher than the natural count in Denver, and only for a few tens of years. Other projects, such as creating undergound storage caverns for natural gas, compressed air for electric peak shaving plants, and for oil storage were also explored. After an initial purge of loose radioactives, the caverns would be cheap and effective storage chambers for such light atoms since neutron activation is not an issue. Except for popular hysteria, those projects remain attractive today. Gary ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 21:07:27 GMT From: Nick Haines Subject: Query Re: pluto direct/ o Newsgroups: sci.space In article mt90dac@brunel.ac.uk (Del Cotter) writes: In article <1992Oct30.163302.15547@rcvie.co.at> Ian Taylor writes: >While I'm here, anyone know if a gravity assist trajectory can be used to >*reduce* speed? NASA had a proposal to launch a solar probe (Starprobe) at Jupiter which would have put it into an orbit of (if memory serves) 0.25AU perihelion and a period of 4.5 years. Whether that counts as a *slowdown* though... ...but officer, I was only doing 80km a second... ^^ Then there's Ulysses, whose speed was unchanged, merely(!) redirected by 90 degrees. You can get to Mercury cheaper by slowing via Venus, I think, then there was a scare a few (seems a million) years ago about a dastardly Russian plan to send a satkiller into *retrograde* Clarke orbit via the Moon. There's no end to the fun you can have playing interplanetary snooker; I think the fundamental limit for any single encounter (confirmation, please?) is the vector sum of spacecraft and accelerating body beforehand. As I understand it, a gravity assist trajectory is simply a hyperbolic path around the relevant body. Such a path is characterised as follows: - the departure speed is the same as the arrival speed - the change in direction is larger for a closer approach - the higher the speed, the smaller the change in direction. Work out the path in the frame of the planet, then add the planet's velocity to all the results. From memory and the back of an envelope, here are some relevant equations: e is the eccentricity of the hyperbola (> 1). d is a parameter of the hyperbola (distance to the directrix, in fact) l is the `miss distance': by how much would you miss the planet if it didn't affect your path v_0 is the speed at closest approach v_oo is the speed `at infinity' G is the gravitational constant: 6.67e-11 m^3/s^2 kg in SI units M is the mass of the planet (5.976 kg for Earth) 1. closest approach: r_0 = ed/(1+e) (this is just from the shape of the hyperbola) 2. angular momentum conservation: r_0 v_0 = l v_oo 3. energy conservation: v_o ^2 = v_oo ^2 + 2GM/r_0 4. central force equation: ed = GM/((l v_oo)^2) 5. change in direction = \pi - 2 arccos(1/e) (in radians) If you want to work out the path of some dumb body like a comet, you observe l and v_oo, calculate ed from (4), then substitute into (1), (2), (3), solve for v_0 and (1+e), and you're done. If you have a probe that you want to send in some particular direction at some particular speed, subtract the velocity of the planet (your approach and depart speeds should now be equal, otherwise the assist is impossible), get e from (5), substitute (1) and (2) into (3) and (4), plug in values for e and v_oo, and solve for l (which tells you where to aim the probe). Nick Haines nickh@cmu.edu ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 20:00:53 GMT From: Bill Goffe Subject: Russian Engines for DC-Y? Newsgroups: sci.space An article in the Oct. 28 _Wall Street Journal_ describes how Pratt & Whitney announced an agreement to market NPO Energomash's (said to be Russia's leading rocked designer) engines in the U.S. Some time back I recall reading that no one engine seemed ideal for use in the DC-Y. An chance there'd be something usable from NPO Energomash? The article says that they're willing to sell for very competitive prices. Bill Goffe bgoffe@seq.uncwil.edu ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 20:14:47 GMT From: "Allen W. Sherzer" Subject: Russian Engines for DC-Y? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1992Nov3.200053.11520@seq.uncwil.edu> bgoffe@seq.uncwil.edu (Bill Goffe) writes: >An article in the Oct. 28 _Wall Street Journal_ describes how Pratt & >Whitney announced an agreement to market NPO Energomash's (said to >be Russia's leading rocked designer) engines in the U.S. That is good news. Does this mean RD-170's will be available? >Some time back I recall reading that no one engine seemed ideal for >use in the DC-Y. An chance there'd be something usable from NPO >Energomash? I don't think they make a cryogenic engine so it doesn't seem they would have an off the shelf solution. Allen -- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Allen W. Sherzer | "A great man is one who does nothing but leaves | | aws@iti.org | nothing undone" | +----------------------172 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX----------------------+ ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 92 16:16:50 GMT From: Dave Jones Subject: Scenario of comet hitting Earth Newsgroups: alt.sci.planetary,sci.astro,sci.space John Black (black@breeze.rsre.mod.uk) wrote: > What are the chances of the comet's orbit to be change significantly so that > the close approach or impact doesn't happen. More specifically, what is the > affect of outgassing or gravitaional interaction with a giant planet? > From what I'm reading, the collision won't happen based on current estimates, but might happen if errors, velocity changes due to outgassing etc. amount to a couple of weeks difference in arrival time in 2126. As for the giant planet question, that's easy: there is zero probability of encounter with a giant planet, as the orbit of S-T is inclined 113 degrees to the ecliptic. (OK, that's really only 67 degrees, but there's a convention based on the preferred orbital direction of the planets) > PS no-one answered my question about what the "P/" means infront of comet names Yes, they did - it means "periodic" and is used for comets that are known to return at regular intervals. Possibly the answers were inadvertently tagged for 'Distribution : usa'. This one is world, just in case. -- ||Halloween Candy: the office snack | ||from Nov. 1st onwards............... |Puff the Magic Dragon ||-------------------------------------|Lived by the sea ||Dave Jones (dj@ekcolor.ssd.kodak.com)|Who knows what's in the autumn mists ||Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, NY |In the mind of Yadallee? ------------------------------ Date: 3 Nov 92 16:45:45 GMT From: Mike McCants Subject: snarfy's assumption Newsgroups: sci.space In article snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us writes: > >If you really find my reasoning defective or incoherent, I would like to know >just what it is you are having difficulty with. > snarfy Previous post: >The July 25th, 1969 issue of TIME magazine stated that the neutral >point was 43,495 miles from the center of the moon. Since this value is obviously wrong, the interesting question becomes "Where did this wrong value come from?" The correct value for Apollo 11 might be pretty close to 23,500. Could it simply be a typo? Another possible answer is an inverse distance cubed equation: Me/(Re**3) = Mm/(Rm**3) Using Rm = 43,500 miles and Me/Mm = 81.3 gives Re = 188,400 and Re + Rm = 231,900 miles. The ephem program gives a value of 231,500 miles for the lunar distance on July 24, 1969. Where was Apollo 11 on July 24? Coming back and reentering the Earth's "sphere of influence"? But the July 25th issue of Time had to go to press several days before that. Of course, for Apollo 11, this is actually a two-dimensional problem, not a one-dimensional problem. ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 2 Nov 92 22:26:51 GMT From: Greg Jensenworth Subject: Swift Tuttle and the satellite belt Newsgroups: sci.space So, suppose P/Swift-Tuttle misses the earth, but is closer than the moon. Will it basically erase all the satellites on that side of the earth? There will be a lot of junk traveling along with the nucleus, I would think... Also, any noticable effects of a comet-moon collision? -- Greg Jensenworth | LG Computers, Inc. on contract to: | LG: (919) 361-0693 Data General Corporation | DG: (919) 248-6368 62 T.W. Alexander Drive | RTP, N.C. 27709 | jenseng@dg-rtp.dg.com ------------------------------ Date: 3 Nov 92 17:52:58 GMT From: Mike Coren Subject: VIDEOTAPE OF OCT 9 FIREBALL Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space In article <1992Oct27.210726.1@uwovax.uwo.ca> pbrown@uwovax.uwo.ca writes: (regarding the fireball seen over the eastern US on October 9): >The fireball produced a meteorite which hit the trunk of a high >school student's car in Peekskill, New York. I realize this has nothing to do with sci.astro or sci.space, but would automobile insurance cover that? Seriously. Does anybody know if the high school student made a claim? Mike Coren -- Michael D. Coren, Electrical Engineer mikec@spider.co.uk Telecommunications Techniques Corporation, Germantown, Maryland, USA. Temporarily at Spider Systems Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. ------------------------------ Date: 3 Nov 92 16:37:49 GMT From: Bob Pendleton Subject: Why Vote? Newsgroups: talk.abortion,soc.motss,sci.space Why vote? Duty. You owe it to those who died so that you CAN vote. Honor. You owe it to those who are fighting for the right to vote NOW. Perhaps you are to young to remember the freedom riders. Maybe you never heard of Ludlow, or the suffragettes. But you must remember the wall, Red Square, or the tanks in Beijing. You may not think it is much, but the vote is all we have. Bob P. -- Bob Pendleton | As an engineer I hate to hear: bobp@hal.com | 1) You've earned an "I told you so." Speaking only for myself. | 2) Our customers don't do that. <<< Odin, after the well of Mimir. >>> ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 17:02:12 GMT From: Jeff Berton Subject: Why Vote? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1992Nov3.021546.18331@udcps3.cps.udayton.edu>, erussell@udcps3.cps.udayton.edu (Erik Russell) writes: >> ...Who gets the electoral votes in a >> state is determined by the popular vote in the state. > > This is not really true. A few states have laws that mandate the electoral > college to vote for their canidate due to popular vote. This is not true > is many and therefore, the electoral college members can vote for the other > canidate. > While it is true only a few states have these laws, the electors almost always vote with the popular opinion. Exceptions are few and far between. The last exception, if memory serves, was in the '88 election when an elector decided he would rather have the democratic ticket reversed. He voted for Bentson. -- Jeff Berton jeff344@voodoo.lerc.nasa.gov ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 16:09:51 GMT From: Gary Coffman Subject: Why Vote? Newsgroups: talk.abortion,soc.motss,sci.space In article <1992Nov2.145619.20752@ucsu.Colorado.EDU> knapp@spot.Colorado.EDU (David Knapp) writes: > >Voting is really only useful for getting those people off your back who >believe that if you *don't* vote, you shouldn't complain about the >current state of goverment. > >Clearly, an individual's vote doesn't matter at all as evidenced by the >way the election turns out whether they vote or not. Voting is a symbolic, >not a functional, act. > >Until we get rid of the electoral college, the individual vote will *always* >be discounted and we will not be living in a democracy. That's a horribly cynical, and wrong, opinion. The important elections, your local officials, are often decided by only a handful of votes. Your Congressman and Senators are directly elected, and again these elections are sometimes close. The Electoral College doesn't discount your vote either. The Electors are bound by law to vote for the candidate that they declare to support on the ballot, under most state laws anyway. So your vote counts just as much in Presidental elections as it does for Senators or Representatives. In fact the number of Electors for a given state is equal to the number of Representatives and Senators for that state. Representatives are apportioned according to population and Senators are apportioned by state to give a weight to geographic diversity. This was done to prevent some small geographic area of the country from dominating the government at the Congressional or Executive levels. What's become wrong with our government is that detailed policy decisions are now made primarily at the national level on issues that are primarily of local concern. That strips our most responsive governmental levels of the authority and accountability that they need to govern efficiently and fairly. This abuse of the commerce and general welfare clauses of the Constitution needs to be rectified. >It is very true that we live in a _democratic republic_, but which do *you* >value more, the democratic part, or the republic part? Strictly speaking, we don't live in a democratic republic (fortunately). Instead we live in a Constitutional Republic operated by a representative government that happens to be elected by popular vote. It was setup that way on purpose. Pure democracy is nothing short of mob rule, swaying to the popular passions of the moment. Our form of government was setup to temper the madness of the mob while still giving the people a voice in their government. Our Constitution was setup to protect individuals from excesses of the government dictated by the popular passions of the moment among the masses. It was made deliberately hard for government to do things. Our founders felt strongly that the best government was the least government and they setup the system so that it would be in gridlock most of the time so that it couldn't meddle too much or too quickly in the affairs of private persons. I like that. Our government has grown altogether too activist over the last 50 years. We need more gridlock to let things calm down a bit. The most dangerous excesses are now conducted by the unelected bureaucracies created as independent agencies of the Congress. The power to create and enforce regulations with the de facto force of law has been granted to these bodies in direct contravention of the intent of the Constitution and our founders. The Constitution says that all laws must be deliberated by Congress and reviewed by the President before they have any force. All violations must be judged by the Judiciary. The regulatory agencies created by Congress have usurped these powers to unelected functionaries. Thus we suffer under regulations without number, unreviewed by our elected representatives. *That* violation of Constitutional intent needs to be rectified, but the election process is fine as it is. Gary ------------------------------ Received: from VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU by isu.isunet.edu (5.64/A/UX-2.01) id AA05228; Tue, 3 Nov 92 12:26:19 EST Received: from crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu by VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU id aa09645; 3 Nov 92 12:14:25 EST To: bb-sci-space@CRABAPPLE.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU Xref: crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:50654 sci.astro:28086 Path: crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu!cantaloupe.srv.cs.cmu.edu!drycas.club.cc.cmu.edu!news.sei.cmu.edu!cis.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!think.com!ames!nsisrv!gemini!dsc Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro Subject: Re: the Happyface on Mars Message-Id: <1992Nov3.145422.22900@nsisrv.gsfc.nasa.gov> From: "Doug S. Caprette Bldg. 28 W191 x3892" Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 14:54:22 GMT Sender: Usenet References: <1992Nov1.232545.9121@twisto.eng.hou.compaq.com> Organization: NASA GSFC CDP VLBI Nntp-Posting-Host: gemini.gsfc.nasa.gov Lines: 47 Source-Info: Sender is really news@CRABAPPLE.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU Source-Info: Sender is really isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU In article <1992Nov1.232545.9121@twisto.eng.hou.compaq.com> mccreary@sword.eng.hou.compaq.com (Ed McCreary) writes: >Well, I'm happy, I received my Mars CDROMs in just the other >day. I like to find the images that show the "Happyface" on >mars and the Kermit the Frog. If anyone has either the Lat/Long. >or the image id of the pics, I'd appreciate hearing from you. > >I've got the both the raw and the MDIM sets. > > Well, I don't know where the smiley face and kermit are, but if the images you have are from Viking, I can direct you to the following picnell numbers: The infamous Cydonia Face at Latitude 41 N Longitude 9 35A72 and 70A13 The similar Utopia Face 86A10 'Islets in the stream' 4A50, 4A51, 4A52, 4A53, and 4A54 The Waterspout 775A10 and 775A11 or 77A10 and 77A11 (one is probably a misprint) And the ~600m structure on the blanket of crater ejecta (crater pyramid) 43A01, 43A02, 43A03, and 43A04 (Please note that the word structure does not imply unnatural origin.) The picnell number breaks down as follows: (orbit number) (camera ID) (frame number) Thus the first Cydonia picture above was the 72nd frame taken with camera A on the 35th orbit. Have fun! -- dsc@gemini.gsfc.nasa.gov | Regards, | Hughes STX | Code 926.9 GSFC | | Doug Caprette | Lanham, Maryland | Greenbelt, MD 20771 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "... The flames began in a prophylactic recycling center..." -- Newscaster in the movie "War Games" ------------------------------ End of Space Digest Volume 15 : Issue 375 ------------------------------